Soviet (9P117M1) Launcher with R17 Rocket of 9K72 Missile Complex "Elbrus"(Scud B)

 The first use of the term Scud was in the NATO name SS-1b Scud-A, applied to the R-11 ballistic missile. The R-11 used technology gained from the V-2 as well, but was a new design, smaller and differently shaped than the V-2 and R-1 weapons. The R-11 was developed by the Korolyev OKB[1] and entered service in 1957. The most revolutionary innovation in the R-11 was the engine, designed by A.M. Isaev. Far simpler than the V-2's multi-chamber design, and employing an anti-oscillation baffle to prevent chugging, it was a forerunner to the larger engines used in Soviet launch vehicles.

   Further developed variants were the SS-1c Scud-B in 1961 and the SS-1d Scud-C in 1965, both of which could carry either a conventional high-explosive, a 5- to 80-kiloton nuclear, or a chemical warhead. The SS-1e Scud-D variant developed in the 1980s can deliver a terminally guided warhead capable of greater precision.

      All models are 11.35 m long (except Scud-A, which is 1 m shorter) and 0.88 m in diameter. The missile reaches a maximum speed of mach 5.